The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.